Genetic Algorithm Optimization and Performance Comparative Analysis of Rectangular, Triangular and Circular Patch Antennas for X Band Applications

Abstract—The growth of portable wireless communication devices has pushed designers to design miniature size antennas. The most prized among miniature antenna choices is the micro-strip patch antenna. These antennas have significant advantages such as low profile, light weight, relatively low manufacturing cost, and polarization diversity. In this paper Genetic Algorithm optimization technique has been utilized for dimensions optimization of three types of patch antennas in addition to the comparative performance analysis of rectangular, triangular and circular shape microstrip patch antennas at X band frequency in order to list the advantages of each shape and decide which shape is best suited for the desired frequency. The resonant frequency is chosen at 11 GHz which is suitable for a variety of wireless applications. Ansoft HFSS is used as the software environment to design and compare the performance of the antennas in terms of return loss, VSWR, directivity and radiation beam-width. A program has been developed in MATLAB for obtaining the patch antennas dimensions based on theoretical formulas and various important performance metrics are analyzed for performing comparative analysis between un-optimized and optimized multi-shape patch antennas design. The results show that the circular patch antenna has a very good value of return loss -44.42 dB and an improved VSWR value of 1.01 than those of other patch shapes. However, rectangular patch antenna is more directive, it has 9 dB in directivity and 61° in radiation beam-width at E-plane. Keyword-Circular patch antenna, Directivity, Genetic algorithm, HFSS, Rectangular patch antenna, Return loss, Triangular patch antenna.